homeofoffice2007professional

EUROPA > Summaries of EU legislation > Environment > Waste management

This legislation prohibits the placing on the market of most batteries and accumulators with a certain mercury or cadmium content and establishes rules for the collection, recycling, treatment and disposal of batteries and accumulators.

ACT

Directive 2006/66/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 6 September 2006 on batteries and accumulators and waste batteries and accumulators and repealing Directive 91/157/EEC [See amending acts].

SUMMARY

The Directive prohibits the placing on the market of certain batteries and accumulators with a proportional mercury or cadmium content above a fixed threshold. In addition, it promotes a high rate of collection and recycling of waste batteries and accumulators and improvement in the environmental performance of all involved in the life-cycle of batteries and accumulators, including their recycling and disposal.

The aim is to cut the amount of hazardous substances – in particular, mercury, cadmium and lead – dumped in the environment; this should be done by reducing the use of these substances in batteries and accumulators and by treating and re-using the amounts that are used.

The Directive applies to all types of batteries and accumulators, apart from those used in equipment to protect Member States’ security or for military purposes, or in equipment designed to be sent into space. It therefore covers a wider range of products than Directive 91/157/EEC, which applied only to batteries containing mercury, lead or cadmium, and excluded “button cells”.

The Directive prohibits:

batteries and accumulators, whether or not incorporated in appliances, containing more than 0.0005% by weight of mercury (except for button cells, which must have a mercury content of less than 2% by weight); portable batteries and accumulators, including those incorporated in appliances, with a cadmium content by weight of more than 0.002% (except for portable batteries and accumulators for use in emergency and alarm systems, medical equipment or cordless power tools).

Batteries or accumulators which do not meet the requirements of this Directive may not be placed on the market after 26 September 2008.

To ensure that a high proportion of spent batteries and accumulators are recycled, Member States must take whatever measures are needed (including economic instruments) to promote and maximise separate waste collections and prevent batteries and accumulators being thrown away as unsorted municipal refuse. They have to make arrangements enabling end-users to discard spent batteries and accumulators at collection points in their vicinity and have them taken back at no charge by the producers. Collection rates of at least 25% and 45% have to be reached by 26 September 2012 and 26 September 2016 respectively.

In principle, it must be possible to remove batteries and accumulators readily and safely. It is for Member States to ensure that manufacturers design their appliances accordingly.

Member States also have to ensure that, from 26 September 2009 at the latest, batteries and accumulators that have been collected are treated and recycled using the best available techniques. Recycling must exclude energy recovery.

As a minimum, treatment must include removal of all fluids and acids. Batteries and accumulators must be treated and stored (even if only temporarily) in sites with impermeable surfaces and weatherproof covering, or in suitable containers.

The recycling of battery and accumulator content to produce similar products or for other purposes has to reach the following levels by 26 September 2011:

at least 65% by average weight of lead-acid batteries and accumulators, including the recycling of the lead content to the highest degree that is technically feasible; 75% by average weight of nickel-cadmium batteries and accumulators, including the recycling of the lead content to the highest degree that is technically feasible; at least 50% by average weight of other battery and accumulator waste.

If there is no viable end market, or if a detailed assessment of environmental, economic and social impact concludes that recycling is not the best solution, Member States may dispose of batteries and accumulators containing cadmium, mercury or lead in landfills or underground storage. Otherwise, it is prohibited to put waste from industrial and automotive batteries and accumulators into landfill, or to incinerate it; only residues from treating and recycling them may be disposed of in these ways.

Treatment and recycling may take place outside the Member State concerned or even outside the Community, provided EU legislation on the shipment of waste is respected.

The producers have to bear the cost of collecting, treating and recycling industrial, automotive and portable batteries and accumulators, as well as the costs of campaigns to inform the public of these arrangements. Small producers may be exempted from this obligation if this does not impede the proper functioning of the collection and recycling schemes. All producers of batteries and accumulators have to be registered.

End-users are to be informed in various ways:

through campaigns covering, among other things, the potential effects on the environment and human health of the substances used in batteries and accumulators, and the collection and recycling arrangements at the end-users’ disposal; being directly informed by distributors that they can discard waste batteries and accumulators at sales points; visible, legible and indelible markings on batteries, accumulators and battery packs with the following information: the symbol of the crossed-out wheeled bin (in Annex II to the Directive); the capacity of the accumulator or the portable battery; the chemical symbols Hg, Cd and Pb if the batteries, accumulators or button cells contain over 0.0005% mercury, over 0.002% cadmium or over 0.004% lead. If the battery, accumulator or battery pack are too small, this information appears on the packaging.

The Member States must send the Commission reports on the implementation of the Directive and the measures they are taking to encourage developments affecting the impact of batteries and accumulators on the environment (including new recycling and treatment techniques) – the first report will cover the period until 26 September 2012; subsequent reports are to be produced every three years. On the basis of these reports, the Commission must publish its own report on the implementation of the Directive and its impact on the environment and the functioning of the internal market.

A review of the Directive will be carried out after the second round of reports from the Member States. The Commission will examine the appropriateness of further risk management measures, minimum collection targets and minimum recycling obligations, and if necessary propose amendments to the Directive.

Context

This Directive repeals and replaces Directive 91/157/EEC.

Several hundred thousand tonnes of industrial and portable batteries and accumulators are placed on the Community market every year. A wide range of metals are used, from mercury, lead and cadmium to nickel, copper, zinc, manganese and lithium.

Disposing of the waste from these products pollutes the atmosphere (in the case of incineration) and contaminates ground-cover and water (in the case of landfill or burial). Through appropriate rules it will be possible to reduce the environmental pollution from this waste. In addition, recycling the waste enables the recovery of thousands of tonnes of metals, including precious metals like nickel, cobalt and silver.

Because of the U.S. economy, numerous American businesses are laying off workers. But the truth is that numerous businesses desire to adapt to new graduates. Our analysis has demonstrated the availability of workers to get a modern school grad can not be produced precisely the death and destruction the mainstream media. Let's look at what you need to find a job at entry level.

1) You must ensure that you are in the right mindset to get a finding ofEntry-level job. You must realize that full-time "the cliché of the" old looking to get a job is real work, and try to be focused and ready to be persistent in your work. Our analysis has demonstrated the work is and you will find the right fit when they are persistent. But it is also very important that you contact the employer the right potential.

2) Although by definition, means entry level, you do not need experience, this is by far theTruth. Be sure to have some professional experience, if you desire to get an entry level position. It is desirable that you have experience in trying to get into. But how can you gain experience, if you see the first area.

3) During your study time, and your high school years in preparation for an entry level position, you should have to acquire work experience by doing some volunteer work in your area of interest. If youShow your potential employer that you really have a passion for your field of interest, there will be a much more competitive position to win at the level of employment in an entry. So hopefully at this point, you win some stage during high school and school or years, and though it might not be much, even a small amount of professional experience may be helpful.

What if you could not see, volunteering in your area of interest. You need documentation, other then the graduateddeserves that shows a potential employer that you have a passion for your area. You can write articles online, make a website, use sites like LinkedIn, ZoomInfo and Google profile. Facebook is probably not a good choice, because Facebook is like a diary, which will be opened only by people with permission. The point is that you have some online presence or documents showing your passion for your field of interest.

For those who have professional experience, make sure yourformer supervisor or manager of reference that can provide good jobs for you. If you have a competent, reliable workers with a good attitude, were then a former supervisor should have no problems regarding the provision of good jobs.

4) The next step is to write a resume or curriculum vitae, which differs from all others. The Curriculum Vitae (CV) is a detailed list of your academic performance, publications, presentations, professional activities,and honors. The CV is longer than the typical CV and can be produced up of two or more pages. A curriculum is usually only necessary if you are looking to get a faculty, analysis, clinical or scientific position. For other objects, you can create a resume.

But if you return a curriculum or should be, clearly shows the potential employers of a certain professional experience, directly away from or in connection with the work you are looking for. Includes both voluntary and unpaid work, is not on yourResume or CV. You do not need a professional to write a resume or CV for you. Today online utility that can produce a good resume or CV, and there are lots of online information on which to write.

In terms of recovery, some important points must be produced. Investigation has demonstrated that just had an interview for every 200 applications by the employer's average is granted. These data are for all levels of employment, not only for beginners. Investigation also shows thatThe application will be acquired quickly, instead of reading. Ten to 20 seconds is all the time you have to convince a potential employer to find out more. What does this mean? It 'important the most important features to you, like you, whether voluntary or involuntary job experience, have the top half of your resume.

5) When looking for businesses to send your CV, you have a list that is used by businesses that prefer to rent a large number of modern school must useGraduates. Go to 2009 Entry Level Employers that list at the top. This list includes businesses of all sizes and industries, and addresses the need for new talent, despite a difficult economic situation. At last count, the list consists of 384 businesses and offers an excellent starting point for graduates seeking employment.

In terms of number of entry-level recruitment is high on the list, Verizon Wireless, a telecommunications company. They expect to make 13 198 new recruits bythe ranks of school graduates for the year 2009. What a bad economy, not bad. The key is for businesses on the list to find the area of interest. There are businesses out there who prefer to hire graduates, and the doom and gloom the Main Stream Media will present for the general public, students of the availability of workers for the school, perhaps not as realistic as you think.

6) After you have set an excellent track record and send it toWould you take at work, you should immediately begin to prepare carefully for your interview. While you may not know the exact company that you may request an interview, almost all interviews consisting of most general questions can be found in almost all interviews. These are questions that can be prepared while waiting for the phone to ring. Doing a Google query, "as they prepare for interviews for the job" and you can easily find a list ofInterview questions.

When it comes to preparation for the interview, you should consider the work at the level of entry you look as if he were at a higher level. Prepare To prepare for your interview the same way as an oral examination. During the interview, be yourself, but try the best of who you are present.

7) Another very important point must be at work when it comes to interview in person. Why are you arecent school graduate, so you do not have a lot of work to talk about it, it is very important the interviewer is present, an enthusiastic attitude. In particular, you present yourself as someone who is hungry to learn and has a strong desire to advance within the company.

Finally, the basics of finding a voice in the world of work is the right attitude in looking for work, internships, resume and interview. The optimization of these elements leads to youSearch for career choice. While today the use and networking of the Internet results in a more efficient means to search for an item in hand, the need to optimize these basic elements has never changed and probably never when it comes to work. Good news is there are numerous businesses today that desire to hire the new graduate school. But given the current economic situation, the level of competition for job-entry is intense, and thenThe optimization of these elements is even more important.

Customer-Service-Job Counseling-Job

Online bill pay out large CheckFree.com explained the hijacking of its Website this month affected an estimated 160,000 men and women, a disclosure that provides the most comprehensive account nevertheless with the genuine dimensions and scope of the brazen variety of attack that experts say might grow to be much more widespread in 2009.

In a filing with Wisconsin’s Workplace of Privacy Protection, CheckFree explained at least 160,000 men and women could have visited the site throughout the nine-hour time period it was hijacked, which had redirected website visitors to a site in Ukraine. An analysis of that Ukranian site indicated that it was attempting to exploit recognized protection flaws in Adobe Acrobat and Adobe Reader, in an attempt to put in a variant with the the Gozi Trojan, which is between the most innovative password-stealing plans in use today.

CheckFree controls amongst 70 to 80 percent with the U.S. online bill pay out market place. Between the 330 sorts of expenses buyers can pay out by way of CheckFree are military credit score accounts, utility expenses, insurance payments, mortgage and loan payments.

CheckFree explained it’s got sent warning notices to about 5 million buyers that may have a very connection with CheckFree like a bill paying out agent. Between people notified by CheckFree was my editor, who occurred for being logging in to the site throughout the early early morning several hours with the attack on Dec. two. Her system didn’t get hit using the malware: She was browsing CheckFree’s site with a Mac.

One thing the organization has not disclosed — and which I have not read everywhere else nevertheless — is the fact that CheckFree’s e-mail systems also could happen to be hijacked throughout the attack.

This attack succeeded since hackers were capable to snag the credentials essential to gain access to CheckFree’s domain documents at Network Options, CheckFree’s domain registrar. The bad guys transformed CheckFree.com’s domain title system (DNS) documents to ensure any website visitors were pointed to the Ukrainian site.

But corporate e-mail systems also can be hijacked using this method, as they, too, depend on DNS settings to route incoming and outgoing e-mail. A source who is close to this investigation but who asked not to be named so as not to compromise his role shared with Security Resolve documents indicating the hijacking without a doubt affected CheckFree’s mail server DNS documents (often known as “mail exchange” or “MX” documents).

Normally, CheckFree.com’s MX documents level to mail2.checkfree.com, and mail1.checkfree.com, servers which might be assigned World wide web addresses of twelve.sixteen.164.sixty and 204.95.one hundred fifty.32, respectively.

But in accordance to servers utilised to passively keep an eye on changes to world-wide DNS documents, throughout the attack, the two of CheckFree.com’s MX documents were pointing to the same deal with in Ukraine (91.203.92.63). From a passive DNS query operate on CheckFree’s mail addresses shortly soon after the attack started:

DNS query Reply RR variety TTL Initial noticed Last seen

mail1.checkfree.com 91.203.92.63 A 7200 Tue, 02 Dec 2008
ten:sixteen:09 UTC Tue, 02 Dec 2008 ten:sixteen:09 UTC
mail2.checkfree.com 91.203.92.63 A 7200 Tue, 02 Dec 2008
ten:sixteen:sixteen UTC Tue, 02 Dec 2008 ten:sixteen:sixteen UTC

I asked CheckFree about this and they explained none of their incoming our outgoing e-mail was compromised.

“This has long been verified from reviewing the Network Options log,” explained Lori Stafford-Thomas, assistant vice president of exterior communications at Fiserv Corp., the Brookfield, Wis., parent of CheckFree. “Clients could have noticed their electronic mail to us queuing up since it couldn’t resolve to CheckFree.Com throughout this time but the electronic mail wasn’t redirected.”

That signifies that when the perpetrators of this crime didn’t intercept the e-mails routed from or destined to CheckFree.com, it’s only since the attackers failed to have the foresight to create a mail server on the Ukrainian deal with to intercept the missives. Had the attackers carried out so, they’d happen to be capable to read and reply to e-mails sent by CheckFree consumers.